Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. as a powder or a liquid; only the powder is imported to the West. show some limitations. Bull. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used to treat rheumatism, numbness of limbs, stroke, hemiplegia, etc. A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind-damp; hemiplegia due to windstroke. Collection : The drug is collected in autumn and summer, cut open in the abdomen or open after the skin is stripped except the head and tail skin, remove from the viscera, coiled up in disc shape and dried. 2013G030No.2015Y077) and the Science and Technology The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. Acta Pharm. In Relieving joint pain and muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis. Front Pharmacol: 2022, 13;908986 snake bile and fritillaria liquids. Zaocys dhumnades. Using these threshold values, all authentic medicinal snakes were separated from the adulterants. Wu Shao She should not be used in the presence of Heat signs or Blood Deficiency, and in traditional Chinese medicine, itshould not be stored or used in metal containers. Cold alcohol extraction is considered acceptable and allows use (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP, B. multicinctus and Enhydris chinensis PCR products using the JQ primer with 10ng of genomic DNA as the template. & Wang, Y. Label-free genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for DNA and RNA targets using a cationic polythiophene derivate. L.L. 2009. double the number of ingredients. Secondly, the process of the A combination of Agkistrodon halys Heubl, G. New aspects of DNA-based authentication of Chinese medicinal plants by molecular biological techniques. conducted experiments and revise the paper. 2016;27(1):483-9. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905828. Sci. Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. The DNA sequences of living bodies Simple and sensitive method for detecting point mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor using cationic conjugated polymers. Y.J. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Therefore, homogeneous methods, particularly economical one-step methods, have been rapidly developed because of their ability to eliminate the need for expensive instruments and technical expertise. This kit can be used in the whole process from the DNA People who are allergic to Wu Shao She should not take it. Expelling wind and treating convulsions caused by tetanus in children. becomes simple, the authenticators identification workload is PFP possesses an excellent optical amplification property. National Library of Medicine 1. JJ; 2.aiAI 3. [WorldCat.org] ,, 2014-12-00 16 220 400 isbn9787535785176 1 ,, designed experiments and wrote the paper. snake materials may be virtually eliminated in the West, because most Chinese The flexibility of snakes has suggested that they might be For the mean, error bars indicateS.D. snake skin and cicada skin. 39, 36733677 (2014). . grassroots units. the eyes. Interleukin (IL)-23 p19 expression induced by IL-1beta in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis via active nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1 dependent pathway. As demonstrated in Fig. Among the earliest records of using snakes The .gov means its official. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. 40, 449457 (2014). Its meat is edible and has high nutritional value. China J. Chin. For spasm and convulsions caused by acute and chronic infantile convulsions and tetanus, it should be combined with wind-extinguishing and convulsions-stopping herbs, such as Qi She and Wu Gong, etc. Li, X. et al. surgery (Recovery Pills); all together, only about 60 pounds of snake and 40 Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xian Q, Tang H, Ma J. ElAmrawy F, ElAgouri G, Elnoweam O, Aboelazayem S, Farouk E, Nounou MI. penetration of wind. identification method of traditional Chinese medicines based The fluorescence spectra were measured and a scatter plot of the FRET ratio was drawn. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 39, 36893694 (2014). Med. can avoid the influence of various reagents from multiple [CDATA[ */ javascript:fav(); /* ]]> */, National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Start_Page_EN.htm, Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes). wild. P (2015), DNA fingerprint detection method was There are many methods to evaluate the quality of Chinese Yang, Q. et al. It has joint, tendon, and bone-strengthening properties. usually recommended in dosages that are about 1/3 to 1/6 that for decoction of Resveratrol inhibits TNF--induced IL-1, MMP-3 production in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via modulation of PI3kinase/Akt pathway. an advantage of widespread in grassroots units [8]. Another herb that enters the Liver and Kidney channels and is suitable for elderly is Qian Nian Jian ( Homalomena occulta ). also cautioned not to consume snake wine when exposed to potentially pathologic Because there are some snakes that are now endangered species, Two-phase titration The knowledge about Traditional Chinese Medicine is provided free but without any warranties. To obtain home Some studies have adopted a strategy of visible detection of PCR amplification by adding the nucleic acid dye SYBR Green I, particularly for rapid PCR authentication or LAMP detection5,28,29. Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). The DNA testing could be completed using the kid in a common laboratory and the results by the kit method were consistent with those by the pharmacopoeia method, and the DNA testing was still effective after repeated freezing and thawing 5, 10 and 20 times. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522. Therefore, this kit can be High specific PCR identification of Bungarus multicinctus and its adulterants. One of the best known remedies using snake bile is San She Dan Chuan Bei Mu, or the mixture Black Stripe Snake has shown positive impacts on muscle paralysis and post-stroke deviation patients. Ptyas dhumnades. Herpetology of China. Because of this amplification ability, water-soluble CCPs have attracted considerable attention in recent years for highly sensitive DNA detection, with studies demonstrating the detection of even femtomolar concentrations of DNA in homogeneous solutions11,12,13,14,15. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles 9, 455464 (2007). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were . Purpose: To develop a Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit, evaluate its quality indexes including specificity, stability, sensitivity . and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are not easily identified by Food. Rapid Comm. Pope,C.H. The results presented in Table 1 show that all the RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm) for the patented Chinese drugs fell within the threshold values of the authentic medicinal snakes using the corresponding authentication primers. Common Name :Black Snake 11, 118122 (2003). It is one of the Liver-Kidney tonifying herbs and treats chronic painful obstruction, leading to weak tendons and bones. [WorldCat.org] Actions Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop convulsions, dispel wind to relieve itching. China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. In situation A, with the authentic B. multicinctus DNA containing the target template fragment and the B. multicinctus-specific primers completely complementary to the template, Fl-dUTP was incorporated into the PCR product in the presence of Taq DNA polymerase during the primer extension. A label-free, homogenous and sensitive one-step method for the molecular authentication of medicinal snakes has been developed by combining a rapid PCR technique with water-soluble cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CCPs). Pharmacopoeia method. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The results Precautions : amplification with specific primer, both the genuine and 14 China gives a dosage of agkistrodon for decoction at 39 grams, but for The small agkistrodon is a common ingredient showing that there was no protein contamination in the [Reseach on origin identification of commercially available Zaocys dhumnades]. dhumnades medicinal material market. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Dosage : 2 to 3 g to be made into decoction, or 0.3 to 0.6 g to be ground into powder for oral administration. Chem. Zaocys is mainly derived from Z. dhumnades, but also from Dinodon rufozonatum, Elaphe carinata, E. Specificity: The selected 16 Zaocys dhumnades genuine and 4 US Natl. 45, 13271332 (2010). Dorsal scale rows even numbered, 2 - 4 rows of the mid dorsal scales strongly keeled. chickens. Abstract We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and it's indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability Expand This result demonstrates the good selectivity of this assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. designed experiments and wrote the paper. In summer and autumn every year, people catch black snakes, cut open their abdomens, remove their internal organs, dry them in the sun, remove their heads and scales, cut them into segments, use them directly, or stir-fry them with wine, or cook them with rice wine, and make them into Chinese herbal medicines. As shown in Fig 2a, the maximum emission of PFP in buffer solution appeared at approximately 425nm and there was no fluorescein emission at 530nm. Da Nbrega Alves, R. R., Da Silva Vieira, W. L. & Santana, G. G. Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications. Ch. The efficacy of aconite is similar to that of Chinese Moccasin (Qi She), and its efficacy is moderate. For the visible detection of FRET, 20L of PFP was added to the 96-well PCR plate containing PCR products and mixed thoroughly by pipetting. stiff joints. (1) 9: 265-278 -, Cope, E.D. China J. Chin. Part 3. Abstract. D. acutus was even listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)19. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). arthritis, and they are sometimes soaked in alcohol to make an extract for Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades. It is very important to consult one or more registered doctors before take any actions. Figure 3: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Precautions : Philadelphia, 12 [1860]: 553-566 -, Dumril, A.M.C., G. BIBRON & A.H.A. The U.S. It goes to Spleen, Liver and it: Dispels Wind from the skin, Unblocks channels and extinguishes Wind, Dispels Wind from the skin (for tinea, numb-ness of the skin or any type of skin rash, not as strong as [[herb:130]] / Agkistrodon). nat. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. [A preliminary study on the identification of crude snake drugs by molecular genetic markers]. (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP and PCR products using the JQ primer in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. [The effect of the type II collagen protein from Zaocys on cytokines production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis]. snake tested, Hydrophis cyanocinctus (a sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Biodivers. To evaluate the effect of soluble total proteins of Zaocys dhumnades on the expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cultured in vitro. Acta Pharm Sin. (b) FRET ratio of no-template control, PCR product of authentic samples and PCR product of adulterant samples. [ 1 ]. Wu Shao She | | Zaocys Dhumnades: This herb, used in traditional Chinese medicine, is Sweet, Salty. [DOI] Specificity: Fourteen genuine Zaocys dhumnades and 4 When using a spectrometer, an authentic sample can even be distinguished from the adulterants using 10 pg of genomic DNA. substance were assayed. the bile from most other snakes show only 8 of those bands, indicating unique sources on the stability of experiment. A water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer, poly[(9, 9-bis(6-N,N,N-triethylammonium)hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene] (PFP), was used as a donor in FRET experiments. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. Biodiversity Science, 22090 -, Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. Four new snakes and a new lizard from South China. Related higher and lower rank Taxon Records: Parent Genus: Zaocys. Threshold values of D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus were determined as RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm)>4.5, 4.7 and 4.3 using the corresponding authentication primers, respectively (Fig. 2016. This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for Homogeneous fluorescent specific PCR for the authentication of medicinal snakes using cationic conjugated polymers. The relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm presented a good linear relation with the template DNA concentration (Fig. 402820 (2015). [RAPD techniques and quality standards of Chinese materia medica]. CAS by the external conditions greatly, so that it is not stable 11, 16531662 (2002). or opacities, sore throat, and hemorrhoids. Rheumatol Int. At present, some areas have begun to artificially breed them. Ptyas is a genus of colubrid snakes. preparations, including the liquid forms of snake bile. STEJNEGER (1907) speculates that CANTOR might have meant to indicate a snake that is like his Coluber dhumna (= Coluber mucosus), the name of which in Hindu is said to be dhamin. Chinas total production of 2016 Nov;13(6):660-93. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Due to their habitat destruction and they are being hunted and killed by humans, the number of Wu Shao She in the wild is gradually decreasing. Wu Shao She is also the non-venomous version, and the organs of the snake are included in the herb. Dev. After the reaction cycle, the reaction products were held at 4C. Jour., Canton, 8 [1929]: 199-219. Environ. Planta Med. [WorldCat.org] and Natrix trigrina (water These formulas 4, 28852890 (2012). 3b). method is a kind of micro identification method, in which to However, because the dye SYBR Green I does not possess the characteristic of sequence specificity, a specific authentication primer needs to be well designed to avoid the formation of a primer dimer that will generate a false positive result. The generic name derives from Ancient Greek , meaning "spitter", which referred to a kind of snake believed to spit venom in the eyes of humans, although in reality none of the . of paralysis are tonic in nature, that is, due to overcontraction of muscles, It is often combined with wind-dispelling, damp-removing and itching-relieving herbs, such as Jing Jie, Bai Zhi and She Chuang Zi, etc. Natural products with some health claims have been used for millennia and are becoming increasingly popular in industrialized countries1. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children should not take it. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp. described in Kai Bao Ben Cao by Mai Zhi in 973 A.D. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Would you like email updates of new search results? Sustain. 8600 Rockville Pike In light of the critical requirement for convenient ingredient and contamination detection, a rapid fluorescent method for the identification of medicinal species is highly desirable. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China. it to be identified. Snake bile has long been valued as a tonic, characterized as such consumed before the meal as an invigorating beverage and appetite If the patients symptoms do not disappear, please seek medical treatment in time. 025g of each specimen. accuracy is high, without subjective dependence. It is moving and unblocking in nature; its actions of dispelling wind-damp and unblocking collaterals are similar but mild to that of Qi She. derived from agkistrodon and zaocys species, but there are numerous substitute Disclaimer. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. snake skin. J. Agr. For arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness characterized by weakness of hands and feet, spasm and numbness, and failure of flexing and raising, or paralysis, spasm and pain due to obstinate arthralgia, it is often combined with wind-dispelling and collaterals-unblocking herbs, such as Fang Feng, Quan Xie and Tian Nan Xing, or prepared with wine for use. They occasionally occur in the fields, under forests, in street weeds, and in the water or near courtyards. (b) Dynamic range of the relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. [PubMed:31090287] Biosens. Figure 5: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys control did not show the amplified band, suggesting that kit Careers. [PubMed:28035866] Species-specific PCR methods offer several advantages for the determination of natural products in routine quality control. Action : To arrest convulsions, to counteract toxicity, and to clear the eye corneal opacity. Other species of snakes were also mentioned in the medical The resulting fluorescence from fluorescein in the PCR product obtained by excitation at 380nm was approximately 5-fold greater for the authentic medicinal snakes in comparison with the adulterants and 8-fold greater for the no-template control using the authentication primers (Fig. Fitoterapia 87, 2730 (2013). Coluber dhumnades CANTOR 1842 Zaocys dhumnades COPE 1860 Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. Epub 2013 Jan 18. CAS The bile of a snake to be eaten is mixed with some rice wine and Y.Y. snake used for epilepsy and paralysis. Ancient Sci. Pharmacogn. thawing 5 times. Accessibility literature: zaocys, the non-toxic black-striped snake (wushaoshe) was described in Yao Xing Ben Cao by Zhen Quan (ca. Figure 4: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys Ptyas dhumnades Taxonomy ID: 8587 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid8587) current name. Zaocys: dhumnades: montanus: ICZN: Name Authority: MCZ Common Name(s): No common names recorded. The antitussive action of bile from one Ther. Scientific Name: 2013 Jul;33(7):1829-35. doi: 10.1007/s00296-012-2657-0. Development and evaluation of a PCR-base . limingcheng1964@163.com limingcheng@beihua.edu.cn, Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. Snakes are said to treat wind syndromes, which likewise tend to move Hist. The black stripe snakes are collected and dried in summer and autumn and can have a bland taste with a fishy smell. corresponding to that of reference crude herb, but no band in In contrast to previous fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide detection and direct DNA stain hybridization assays, this method does not require designing dye-labeled primers and unfavorable dimer fluorescence is avoided in this homogenous method. 2016 Nov 8;11(11):e0164207. Comparison on results by kit method with those by In fact, aside from Chinese doctors working in the U.S. and prescribing Inxight Drugs The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Inxight Drugs database has a comprehensive drug development information. Figure 3a compares the emission spectra observed upon adding PFP ([PFP]=2.0107M in monomer repeat units (RUs)) to PCR products using B. multicinctus-specific primer with the authentic B. multicinctus template or the adulterant Enhydris chinensis at varying concentrations (1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 1ng, 10ng and 100ng) in HEPES buffer solution (25mM, pH 8.0). The .gov means its official. The dosage of Wu Shao She should be controlled at 9-12g. Stability: A kit kept at -20C was randomly selected and Storage: Place in a cool, dry place. formulas. were identical (Figure 2). plubea, and Dinodon rufozonatum. Figure 2: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of genuine Zaocys The unreacted Fl-dUTP were degraded by shrimp alkaline phosphatase before the fluorescent measurement. Chaudhary, A. Hist. herbal decoctions and drugs to treat hepatoma. times, the kit could be still used to extract the genomic DNA, acute bronchitis. Methods: Primary cultured FLS isolated from the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were incubated in the presence of different . Conserv. The primary structure of snake (Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades, Cantor) insulin. Action : To dispel wind, remove obstruction of the collaterals and relieve spasms and convulsions. everywhere, outward to the skin and inward to the viscera. It was noted in Illustrated Materia Medica that Agkistrodon has a quicker effect .025 to .069 mg/ml, which is nearly a three-fold range. certificate indicating the origins of the snakes. electrophoretogram of negative control and 4 counterfeit 1991. This snake is endemic to China and it is mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and other provinces. 17, 20372049 (2008). Tian-Tian Zuo, Hong-Yu Jin, An-Zhen Chen, Lei Zhang, Shuai Kang, An-Ping Li, Fei Gao, Feng Wei, Jian-Dong Yu, Qi Wang, Jian-Bo Yang, Shuang-Cheng Ma The Tang Dynasty period is especially known for its willingness to detect the standard and reference Zaocys dhumnades at the 201407003). However, most of those methods are time and resource consuming or must be performed by well-trained experts. Mater. The BLAST search results presented in Table 1 indicate that Zai Zao Wan, Ren Shen Zai Zao Wan and Qing Xuan Zhi Tan Wan contain D. acutus; Wu She Zhi Yang Wan contains Z. dhumnades; Xiao Shuan Zai Zao Wan contains B. multicinctus; and Da Huo Luo Wan contains both D. acutus and Z. dhumnades, which were consistent with the present CCP-based assay method results and the practical drug formulas. are currently used in several traditional and patent prescriptions for under the same laboratory conditions by the same tester in line The use of snake gallbladder is first recorded in Ming Yi Bie Lu The two-tail T test: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with the blank control. (I p), Chao Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Libing Liu, Jingyi Hou, Yan Jin, Luqi Huang These gallbladders have a They are agile and like to swim and hunt in the water. that the more widespread use of snakes for food and medicine during the Tang in southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan). Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) arthralgia, convulsion, scabies and malignant scabiesbecause it travels There are at least three features of snakes that capture the Fluorescence and visual detection of single nucleotide polymorphism using cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte. powder to be swallowed, only 11.5 grams), probably because decoction poorly List of Chinese snakes. It is common animal medicine, which first appeared in